Strains and sprains are common injuries that share similar symptoms but affect different parts of the body. The severity of both strains and sprains can vary, depending on the extent of muscle and ligament involvement and the degree of damage.
Sprains: A sprain occurs when a ligament, the flexible tissue that connects bones and holds joints together, is stretched or torn. Sprains can happen in various parts of the body, such as ankles, wrists, feet, and knees, where ligaments are present.
Strains: Strains happen when muscles and/or tendons are stretched or torn. Large muscle strains, like hamstrings and hip flexors, are particularly common.
Sprains and strains often occur at joints, such as wrists, ankles, and knees, because these areas are prone to sudden shifting movements, like quick changes in direction. Individuals who participate in contact sports may have a higher risk of experiencing sprains or strains. These activities, with their frequent collisions and falls, further increase the overall risk of injury.
For instance, an ankle sprain can occur when the foot turns inward or outward, resulting in the stretching of the ligament on the opposite side of the foot.
The symptoms of sprains or strains can range from mild to severe.
Mild: A slight tear or excessive stretching of the ligament may cause a small sprain or strain. There is minor swelling and tenderness, but it is still possible to put weight on the joint.
Moderate: A torn ligament occurs when the fibers in the ligament tear but are not completely ruptured. The joint becomes tender, painful, and difficult to move. The injured area swells and may show discoloration due to bleeding. Some unsteadiness may also be experienced when weight is put on the affected joint area.
Severe: In severe cases, one or more ligaments tear completely. The joint loses its normal range of motion and cannot bear weight. The joint becomes highly swollen and may display discoloration. Distinguishing a severe sprain or strain from a fracture or dislocation can be challenging.
Proper treatment of a strained or sprained ankle, wrist, or knee can help prevent ongoing issues. This is especially important for those who experience repeated or severe sprains, as they may develop long-term joint pain and weakness. If you frequently sustain such injuries, it is recommended to consult with your healthcare provider about starting an ongoing physical therapy program.
Minor injuries can often be treated with the RICE method (rest, ice, compression, elevation), which is particularly effective in the first 24 to 48 hours after the injury, helping reduce swelling and pain.
For more severe injuries, especially if a popping sound occurred at the time of the injury, there is significant swelling, the injury does not improve rapidly, or the injured joint cannot bear weight, it is advisable to visit a nearby Vital Urgent Care center. Medical professionals can evaluate the injury and perform necessary X-rays to determine its severity and the best course of treatment. In some cases, not putting weight on the injury and a referral to a specialist may be required. Although most sprains and strains can heal on their own, more severe injuries may necessitate surgical intervention.